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54 the costs of providing governmental services during and after flood conditions including maintenance and repair of public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems, and streets and bridges. 6. Upon consideration of the factors listed above, and the purposes of this ordinance, the Board of Adjustment may attach such conditions to the granting of variances as it deems necessary to further the purposes of this ordinance. 7. Variances shall not be issued within any designated floodway if any increase in flood levels during the base flood discharge. 8. Conditions for Variances: a. Variances shall only be issued upon a determination that the variance is the minimum necessary, considering the flood hazard, to afford relief; and in the instance of a historical building, a determination that the variance is the minimum necessary so as not to destroy the historic character and design of the building; b. Variances shall only be issued upon 1. a showing of good and sufficient cause, 2. a determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional hardship, and; 3. a determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety, extraordinary public expense, create nuisance, cause fraud on or victimization of the public, or conflict with existing local laws or ordinances. c. Any applicant to whom a variance is granted shall be given written notice specifying the difference between the base flood elevation and the elevation to which the structure is to be built and stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk resulting from the reduced lowest floor elevation. d. The Zoning Administrator shall maintain the records of all appeal actions and report any variances to the Federal Emergency Management Agency upon request. ARTICLE 5. PROVISIONS OF FLOOD HAZARD REDUCTION SECTION A. GENERAL STANDARDS In all areas of special flood hazard the following provisions are required: 1. New construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure; 2. Manufactured homes shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors. This standard shall be in addition to and consistent with applicable state or local requirements. 3. New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage; 4. New construction or substantial improvements shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damage; 5. Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, air conditioning, and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding; 6. New and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the system; 7. New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood waters; 8. On-site waste disposal systems shall be located and constructed to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding, and; 9. Any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvements to a structure which is in compliance with the provisions of this ordinance, shall meet the requirements of "new construction" as contained in this ordinance.